ACE-031

ACE-031 (Ramatercept, ActRIIB-Fc)

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> ⚠️ For scientific use only; recombinant fusion protein, not a simple short peptide; injection into humans strictly prohibited; WADA Category S4 prohibited substance

General Information (Ramatercept fusion protein version)

– Synonyms: ActRIIB-Fc, sActRIIB-Fc, Ramatercept

– Type: recombinant fusion glycoprotein (homologous dimer), 343-amino acid monomer, active dimeric form

– Molecular weight: monomer ~58.4 kDa; dimer ~77,490 Da

– Appearance: white lyophilized powder

– Half-life: 10 to 15 days (the Fc fragment confers an extremely long circulating half-life, which is the main difference from all previous peptides)

– Solubility: bacteriostatic water (BAC); vigorous shaking of the vial is strictly prohibited; the vial must only be gently rolled, as shear forces can cause protein aggregation and inactivation

Mechanism of Action (Receptor-Bait / Ligand Trap)

Myostatin acts as a “brake” on muscle growth in the body; it belongs to the TGF-β superfamily:

1. ACE-031, as a soluble receptor decoy, actively captures and neutralizes the following in the bloodstream: myostatin, activin A, and BMP9/BMP10

2. It prevents ligands from binding to the ActRIIB receptor located on the membrane of muscle cells, thereby deactivating the SMAD2/3 inhibitory pathway

3. Lifts the inhibition of muscle growth → skeletal muscle hypertrophy, increase in lean body mass

⚠️ Major risk: it also binds to BMP9/BMP10, two factors essential for maintaining the stability of the vascular endothelium

Research Areas

– Animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), cachexia (muscle loss associated with cancer or chronic disease)

– Muscle atrophy, age-related sarcopenia, research on bone metabolism

– Preclinical animal studies on body composition, adipose differentiation, and the browning of white fat

– Research often conducted in combination with GH/IGF-1-type peptides (to increase lean body mass)

Reconstitution and Storage (important: proteins are more fragile than conventional peptides)

1. Solvent: BAC antibacterial water

2. Example: 1 mg lyophilized vial + 1 mL BAC water → 1 mg/mL

3. Dry powder: Store long-term away from light at a temperature between 2 and 8 °C; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles at -20 °C

4. After reconstitution: Store in the refrigerator at 2 to 8 °C and use within 14 days; do not freeze! Freezing directly causes denaturation and inactivation of the Fc fusion protein

5. Procedure: Slowly add the water along the side of the vial, gently roll the vial to dissolve; do not shake vigorously; if the solution is cloudy, this means the protein has aggregated and must be discarded

## Compliance Notes

1. The recombinant protein version intended for scientific research is reserved exclusively for in vitro experiments on cells and animals; its use in humans is prohibited