Adipotide (FTPP)
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> CAS: 859216-15-2
> Aliases: FTPP (Fat-Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide), TP01 / Prohibitin-Targeting Peptide 1
> ⚠️ For laboratory research only; clinical development has been discontinued; not intended for human therapeutic use
Basic Information
– Full sequence: CKGGRAKDC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)₂, a 25-amino acid chimeric peptide
– CKGGRAKDC: Targeting cyclic peptide (Cys1 and Cys9 form a disulfide bond loop that recognizes the prohibitin protein)
– GG: Glycine linker
– D (KLAKLAK)₂: D-type amino acid apoptotic functional fragment, resistant to proteolytic degradation
– Molecular formula: \(\mathbf{C_{111}H_{206}N_{36}O_{28}S_2}\)
– Molecular weight: 2557.22 Da
– Properties: White lyophilized powder, highly water-soluble
Mechanism of Action (Core Research)
A dual-domain “targeting + killing” chimeric peptide, with a mechanism entirely different from that of GLP-1 and GH secretagogues:
1. Targeted Recognition: The cyclic peptide CKGGRAKDC binds to Prohibitin on the surface of white adipose tissue microvascular endothelial cells
2. Intracellular Delivery: Receptor-mediated endocytosis transports D(KLAKLAK)₂ into endothelial cells
3. Mitochondrial disruption: The D-type KLAKLAK fragment inserts into the inner mitochondrial membrane, causing the transmembrane potential to collapse and triggering endothelial cell apoptosis
4. Fat atrophy: The microvasculature of white adipose tissue is destroyed → blood supply to fat is cut off, leading to ischemic apoptosis of fat cells and atrophy of fat deposits
## Key Pharmacokinetic and Physicochemical Points
– When administered subcutaneously, it is cleared rapidly from the body; the D-amino acid fragment enhances resistance to enzymatic degradation
– The structure contains disulfide bonds, making the sample prone to oxidation; special care must be taken during storage and resuspension
– Targets: Prohibitin (PHB1), Annexin A2
Dissolution and Storage (Laboratory Procedures)
1. Resuspension solvent: Sterile water / PBS; AA acetic acid solution may also be used; strong reducing systems are not recommended (as they may break disulfide bonds and disrupt the targeting ring structure)
2. Lyophilized powder: Store long-term at -20°C in a sealed container, protected from light and moisture
3. After Resuspension: Store at 4°C for short-term use (48–72 hours only); aliquot and store at -20°C. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles are strictly prohibited to prevent oxidation and disulfide bond breakage; discard the solution immediately if it becomes cloudy
Research Combination Recommendations
– Obesity + Insulin Resistance Models: Adipotide + CJC-1295 NO DAC / Ipamorelin (combined body composition studies)
– Metabolic Inflammation: May be combined with ARA290 to study inflammation and tissue repair following fat ablation
⚠️ Important Notice
1. Adipotide is intended solely for in vitro and preclinical animal research; it is not approved for human use, and injection into humans is strictly prohibited.
2. Its mechanism involves vascular ablation, which is a relatively aggressive intervention; it is not a mild fat-reducing peptide.
3. All information is derived solely from peptide chemistry and preclinical literature and does not constitute any guidance for human use.
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